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Freight shipments can include combinations of palletized items, boxes that are too large to ship using other UPS services, or multiple non-palletized pieces. UPS will accept freight shipments of any weight. However, minimum weight charges apply.
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Palletized Freight
Palletizing freight helps multi-piece shipments remain together and provides increased protection from damage. Each pallet, including its contents, is considered one piece.
Non-Palletized Freight
Loose items, such as boxes or containers that have not been secured to a pallet, are considered non-palletized freight. Each loose item is considered one piece.
When considering whether to palletize your shipment, it is important to remember that minimum billable charges can affect the way your shipment is billed. |
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Pallets are portable rigid platforms used to consolidate shipments and allow for ease of freight movement. Quality pallets are commonly made of either wood or plastic and can weigh between 20 and 70 lbs. Pallets should be large enough to accommodate the shipment without overhang. Anything overhanging the pallet edges will be subjected to impacts that can result in punctures, abrasions, and compression damage.
UPS palletizes most freight shipments for ease of movement. For air freight shipments, if your non-palletized shipment does not meet the minimum billable weight per piece, consider palletizing prior to UPS pickup.
The following are basic step-by-step instructions for palletizing your freight. |
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| 1. Select Pallets |
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| 2. Stack Boxes on Pallet |
For shipments that contain boxes or stackable pieces
- Affix labels, with complete address information for the shipper and the consignee, to each piece
- Align boxes in columns, corner to corner, for the greatest stacking strength
- Avoid interlocking or rotating layer patterns
- Do not align corners over the spaces between pallet deck boards
- Boxes should not extend past the pallet edges
- Do not pyramid the boxes; keep the top layer flat to prevent damage from top loads
- Use a slip sheet under the load and every third layer when possible to help distribute the weight evenly and protect the bottom layer
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| 3. Secure Shipment to Pallet |
| Use strapping or banding to secure your shipment to the pallet, and stretch wrap to prevent pieces from getting lost or separated from the load. |
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| 4. Label Shipment |
| Label each pallet with telephone numbers and complete address information including postal code of the shipper and the consignee. |
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Note: Pre-authorization is required for air freight shipments that exceed any of the following:
- 120" length
- 84" width
- 76" height
- or 5,000 lbs. weight
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| 1. Use Top/Bottom Load Protector |
| Load protectors are layers of corrugated fiberboard or heavy paperboard that help to evenly distribute the weight of shipments that can be stacked upon one another. |
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| 2. Use Corner/Edge Boards |
| Corner boards increase vertical stacking strength, prevent damage to corner edges, and stabilize the load. They should extend to the full height and length of the load, and should be used on all corners. |
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| 3. Use Stretch Wrapping |
Stretch wrapping is an effective way to keep all pieces of a shipment together. The plastic stretch wrap should first be applied around the pallet and continued upward around the load.
- Must be tight to prevent load shifting
- Capture the pallet when wrapping bottom layer
- Can be twisted like rope for greater strength
Stretch wrap is designed to stabilize the load, not to secure it to the pallet. Strapping or banding should be used in conjunction with stretch wrap to secure the load to the pallet. |
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| 4. Use Strapping or Banding |
| Strapping prevents pieces from getting lost or separated from the load. It should be drawn tightly to the load which may require running it underneath the top deck boards of the pallet. |
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If you do not plan to secure your shipment to pallets, follow these steps:
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- Ship freight in corrugated boxes, crates, or shipping containers when possible.
- Use a container strong enough to support the weight of contents, and consider double boxing.
- If you are reusing containers, remove all old labels, tags, and markings. Avoid reusing boxes.
- Use at least two inches of appropriate cushioning material to protect internal items from each other and the corners, sides, top, and bottom of containers. Appropriate cushioning material may include corrugated fiberboard, multiple layers of folded newspaper, styrofoam sheets, or packing blankets, depending on the shipment contents.
- Reinforce edges to protect from bending.
- Securely seal closures and seams with reinforced tape.
- Label each piece with telephone numbers and complete address information, including postal code of the shipper and the consignee.
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Pickup is included in all air and LTL freight services. Your freight pickup request is initiated when you Create a Shipment for freight on UPS.com.
Note: Some shipment pickup requests require pre-authorization. Refer to the UPS Air Freight Terms and Conditions of Contract or to UPS Freight's Rules and Charges. |
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| Label Freight Pieces |
| Each piece of palletized or non-palletized freight must be clearly marked with telephone numbers and complete address information including postal code of the shipper and the consignee. Indicate on freight labels if any pieces require Check to Shipper (C.O.D.) service. |
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| Print the Air Waybill |
The air waybill is generated when you Create a Shipment for freight on UPS.com. It is a required shipping document that provides shipment details including destination, shipper, and type of delivery service. The air waybill serves as instructions for UPS and as a receipt for the shipper.
Use a laser printer to print three copies of the waybill.
- One copy must be signed and given to the pickup driver.
- The second must be signed and attached to the shipment.
- The third should be retained for your records.
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| Prepare for Driver Arrival |
Shipments should be ready for pickup at the time indicated by the shipper. Shipments should also be in a location easily accessible to the freight pickup driver and vehicle.
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Determining If Freight Should Be Palletized
